Method of constructing and heating retort structures.



Y H. A. CARPENTER. T METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND HEATING RETORT STRUCTURES.

l APPLl'cATloN man JUNE 1,8, 1915.

I Patented Mar:7,1916.

SHEETS-SHEET l.

c l l 1 wlTNzssEs lNvENTon & V

I H. A. CARPENTER. MEHoD 0F CONSTRUCTING'AND HEATiNG RETORT STRUCTURES.

f APPLICATION `FILkD JUNE 15, 19.15. 1,174,390.

Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

7SHEETS- SHEET 2.

. A. CARPENTER. K METHOD 0F CONSTRUCTING AND HEATING RETORT STRUCTURES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE is, 1915.

Patented Mar. 7,1916.

I SHEETS-SHEET 3- janv/,11111 WITNESSES INVENTOR i H. A. CARPENTER. METHOD 0F CONSTRUCTING AND HEATING RETORT STRUCTURES. 1,174,390.

APPLICATION FILED IUNE 18, I9I5. l

Patented Mar. 7., 1916.

` lsHEETs-SHEET at INVENTOR ZAM/M @auf H. A. CARPENTER. METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND HEATING RETORTSTHUCTUBES. I

APPLICATION FILEDJUNE I8. |915.

l I I wn'NEssEs INVENTOR H.` A. CARPENTER. i METHOD 0F CONSTR-UCTING AND HEATING RETORT STRUCTURES.'

v APPLICATION. FILED JUNE I8, i915. 1,174,390. 1 I

f I' SHEETS-SHEET 6.

wTTNEssEs NVENTQR X0@ Zwfmw/ I Y wwwfsf.

- v Patented Mar. `7,1916.

H. A. CARPENTER. vMETHOD 0F CONSTRUCTING 'AND HEATING RETORT STRUCTURES.

APPLIcAl'oN FILED jun; 1`8. 1915.

mr\w

WITNESSES movement Umcrmm. y E nswongnsnr.,

een;

fathom t mog/'cahcerns f certainfncw 'and useful Improveenerajting:` gas; frei/nil coal.`

als `and desi which have produced uch l structures.

general; 'retorts and the Wall einer tonrrangej these Walls 'at convenient frein twelve to eighteen inchesinng{,"feach `will haring ailthiclrness y of giinately .sin` to. nine nches y irnaterial to `soften `und y gradually heatsff f1 ,r in(` order" to secure engrounld `area,

hem, too

" tornai-yintheearlierba y, ie load "carried by the Asupporting dthe bottom 1;,

@in distortion Lof structures and nd n to 'producer n \:l\ietl1ods of" y Constructing and. Retort "Structures, of@` Whichi the y s invention relates `to method -`of ngand heating retort structures retofore,` coal gas generating.fauna?" sfbeen constructed of 'a variety orV y sfresu lts. l ,recentiyears;"refractory"1 t varying proportions of alumina y,

` beenfernployed eX uslyely )ieee or ottongued and grooyedblocks.` Y f ils supporting; `the retorts `have beam` ious Widths, they` practice `jgenerally' al y andj "decided teldency l `forqsuch l It of `shrine; under@ such continued tiluctures, attendent-.y developedftocon y' more freto'rts1n` airvertical row: than" ,"1 thus .inf` y erts of l such"struc` y yl"he ',coinbined action of 1 thersoftenl :ilumina materialibyjjthe `high y le increzis'ed `load of `the greater etortslgin a l`trertical roivresulted; y

o1 nt shortening" of "life, loss 4"of efiif` tc. Tn orrlerwto remedy thesel dili-i "ietort structures@ ouldretainftheii shape andfaline-l i a" reasonable y; period??` so `that` its ED'sTA'rEs PATENT ormoni,

orsnwrcirinr; rnNNsYLVANIA, Assronon ro nrrnnoonnn oirrnixrtr,` orrrrrrrsnunsni PENNSYLVANIA, "n oonronnrron nennen `on consrnnorirre, hun inerme maroni: STRUCTURES.

was possible to charge `and discharge them by machinery requiring accuracy inxalnefy `retort structures thereof 4as those of alumina had previously `been constructed-that is,

` Without reference to expansiom and incr-,- der to compensate for the expansion 1n the retort structures of this neW silice material, I constructed them of comparatively small blocks, the retorts themselves of a considerable number of pieces in circumference,

fxwliere they had generally been made of one y piecef. of alumina material, `and inserted y y lurpri'J- hierrr` halve "been formed seperatelyfthe fpleces "of pasteboard betweenrthe joints of Vas-to compensate for. the diiierence in di Umension of these silica nieces when cold and to such a* great extent that, `it was entirely impracticable tobuild the when heated to Working temperature, and i counting on the gradual burningl out of `these pasteboarcl fillers as thestructure was heated to Working temperature.z The `top and sides of the structure formed over these reform-#that is, the portion vexposed to the atmosphere, or the outside of the structure not exposed 'to the high heat, Was con-f structed` of refractory materiall predominatlng in' alumina, which'enabled me to construct theseparts in the usual manner, with fire" clayr jolnts, so as `to produce a reasonl .sable tight structure Iagainst 'leakage `to or from the atmosphere, or at least` as tight in this respect as had been the'general pracvtice in the old style retort structures of the alumina tvpe which had failed by softening and distortion of the 4structure under the continuous high heats and loads.

The new development of silica retorts andsettings outlined in the foregoing was `fairly successful so far 'as alinernent" and `sustainment of load under continuous high heats Was' concerned and this general `method 'of construction `has since been 'roo f largely `adopted fortheppurpose. but the necessary method of constructing the retorts with loasteboardjointsa to compensatefor expansion produced a fleaky retort under some conditions of operation. Further, the inability of the outer Walls to withstand any material variation from atmospheric pressure Without considerablev leakage, as

Well as the difficulty in attaching the neces2 sary mouth pieces fo'iclosing the ends of the retorts tothe outer-alumina Walls,estaby .lishing proper alinenie'nt and action between lthese outer alumina ivalls and the inside -4silica sti ifctures and the desirabilityto still .greater accuracy in alinement of the various iatorts, necessitated a different construction. All of these problems were aggravated to a great eKtent as the number of retorts perinissible under the employment ofthe silica vmaterial Aiii a vertical roiv-increased.

As a result of experiments, I have found, it possible to construct refractory mass structures entirely of silica material,v these structures including the retorts themselves,

compensate for thel expansion Veffects. on 'the 1 mass,"and at the ysame time, employ a metal vcasing forthe inass structure which `will en-.f

able' me to vary the internal vworking pressure of-the retort structureasinucli, either \vay,.

from atmospheric pressure as is desirable without serious leakage'.z Y Suchiconstructionn isYpbssfi'ble by'reas'oii oftlie ability to compensate positively'ifor enpansion ofthe re- In practice,"r the apparatus is'I assembled ,in non-carbonizing or nonfivorkin g form, it'be.- ing brougl'it into Worliing' condition only..

afteil it has' been sufficiently heated t'oiprosn'y vide 'Working temperatures. The .appar-a;-` tus,'"and-particularly the inclosed. refractoryI .in

mass,'is al'soassembled with a'view, of tak y l ingicare lof theexpansion thereof by localize.

ing `*theI effects off-"the` eiipanSioIikf` method of construction constitutes k'an ripy portant lfeature fof' this invention.

-of heating.' The effects of expansinbeing known, the' construction y'mayvjloe "predeter-.L

f yminedwith accuracy;- andv should .the tem passing .theil'arodiicts of; coi'iibiistionx't-li'rough relatively wide :spacesf lo'c'ated lbet'wefe'ri the setting, 'jwallsg' intoffdii'ect conta "ct-ivith'.` the I retort; .iwal-ls. In tbjaev presentl invention '1.

employ' relatively narrow cha-rinelsI through.

which'tlie .prodiicts iof 'coinl stion" are passed, thereby ,considerably i" ;i`-`ng-y theamount of direct Contact of` theu pioducts ofl combusti on-` and :retort Ln'allsj,v su p'p'l the beat thereto mainly by conduction froml th 'y ttiiig. \valls.. The setting 4walls 'ifn the pn. sent -coynstriiction are utilized asflieat reis? ervoii's the heat from thc products-'of'coin-l bustion being storedyup therein mass, :as Well' as that the metal.`

Another"characteristic" and important fea-y Iture ofthe present invention'is the method ferred therefrom to the retort Walls by coricoinbustion. to produce tlic dcsircd working teiiiperi'itui'es'.u'itliin tlic rctorls. at a corsidcrably highertciupcra'turc than it is undci` the present iiivcntion.

Another advantage ol the present invention over tlic prior art structurcs and opcrations is` the ability to reduce tlic diop in temperature within tlic rctorts iinuwdiately 'afte' a fresh,charge of coal 'is introduccd thereto, this being accoiiiplislicd by the presence ot' the heat reservoirs iniincdiatcl surroundingthe retortst ln the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a front'elevation of a gas ,rcncratingl apparatus, said View showing' parts of the structure broken. away; Fig. 2 is an cud vieiv of the saine. Fig. 3 is ailetail view, partly in front elevation and partly in section, of the structure at the `charging end of a retort. Fig. el is a sectional view of parts shown in Fig. 3. Figis an enlarged sectionall view taken vertically on different planes of a portion of thestrncture, the section being taken generally in the directionl of length of the retorts, a portion Aof the i View showing a section .through one of the retorts, another portion ofthe view showroivs vof the retorts. Fig. .6 lis a vertical section taken through one of the chan-nels .for ,the heating gases shown in Fig. 5, the

dition. Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken on a plane parallel to tliatof. Fig. '6, the section extending through the walls which divide" "adjacent channels.` Fig. is 'a' secshoiying the vpartsin the positions assumed 'when the retorts have been brought to working temperatures. 9 is a detail perspectiveview shoivingtlie general arrangementof the blocks -ofivhicli the refractory mass 'iscoinposed .I Fig. 10 is a detail lsccing the sectional structure. between vertical- Astructure''being shown in its assembled contional view taken on thev plane of Fig. 6 buttional view Slimi'ing a preferred manner Aof connecting adjacentcasing plates together. T nfthle present invention the manner of providing the heat -for the Aretorts over prior art 'structures radically different.' In' `stead of supplying'the heat mainly by gdirect contactfof .products and yretort Walls, the heat `isI provided mainly by conduction, the. lieatinlgvby direct contact being incidental. In p.i""ct'ice.y as contemplated by the present .'li'ifhiveiition, 'this' heating by conduction is ef fctedby proyidingan integral relation between' the retort Walls andlth'e setting Walls, therebyenablingthe lheat storedin thesetng Walls to readily .pass ther retortwalls'.

from. into the T.l"i`e`4 setting: Walls(I liivhen'arranged in thev manner described, provide storagerescrvoirs.

' i f li flfthe' refractory materialslieated to a temrature olf, approximately,112000? Aconns approximately six thousand t times as off combustion@ `from l the l1 f combustion "chamberfatqthe "same: temperature.4 1 It has "heat reserirs l and utilizing it 'for heate than fis possible liwherepasynnder the mplished more by `diree t` centact of the lijcts ofi combustion on the` retort walls, distinguished fflom l heating' by "conduce on.` @This methdofstoringftlielheatin the transferring it tothe retort ivalls by conduct'on,` as comparedfwith the prior methods 'of eating, alsoniaterially reduces the mperatiire Withina` retort l due tothe intro-` tionoffa fresh charge thereto,

Themetliod t of heating retorts referred` to labove is not specificallyclaimedllherein as erialNo.`65,902.` ,i heirefractory mass structure :formed of` blocksfrequiree that careful; Aprovision e to` compensate j` for i the I expansion J and hence it'includes certain charact`features,` Foninstance, Ijprovide for Seifejets" `of "expansion Yin ther` direction of n ngtliqof the apparatus t the direction atv al) t t f ength of1 the` retorts)l by arranging the s inusuclii form `asjto` constitute what may `ell-med` 'indiyiduals `10h the expansive eiieet isliinitedrto a' predetermined 1` length of" the mass, without gte proyidelindividual block comf- Y. Arranging `these individuals so l tthe expansive `action fof adjacent indials will* bring the individnals finto their per positions andfconditins when the ap ratusl has" been heated tol produce `the oper Working temperatures Within the reerts, Theseindividuals mayfcdmprise a ertical 'row of retorts, landl theirsupportihg allsfwvith vertically extending, spacesfl" ed between two rows asishovnfin my co an' n `app1icationfiledfApril7, `1914;, `Se- Nnminer` 830,162: However, I "preferto angey these spaces@ or theirequivalents "on tieal lines` intersecting the ,i retorts, l an id ualf extending `from one Ispacehto the structure ofthis lattertypejheing sent application;v `,this "arrangement, the `bloclrs constituting thearch of` the retort Itis knon'nithat afnnity volume h, lieattfas, aisimilarl unit volumeof prod` 4 ormethodsylthe lieatingiof fthe `retorts is armerdescribed rl1 aroundfthe lretorts and i gdrop in same formsthej subject matter of a divisional; applicatiom filed `December 7 9, ".1915, y

proirimately; rightiangles `to the direction gviz`., a x portion, in

succeeding unit, thereby the retort when the units are assembled,v but, 11S

sedf `in my companion applicationl filed 1914:, Serial "Ni11iiber,11859`,785, llas inthe" drawings accompanyinglmy are assembled in loowse formation, While the blocks forming the setting walls or columns between adjacent retorts are .permanently positioned with respect' to stack length. The blocks constituting the arch are brought into ca-rbonizing position by bringing the struc`- ture to working temperature. this arrangement places the retoris, when the structure is in its assembled but non-carbonizing condition, incapable of use 'before Adisplacing action has been had through ex pension, the expansion actionbringing the retortsto carbonizing condition. Similarly, letting downof the temperature with a consequent contraction efi'ect simply permits i these blocks to resume their assembled or non-carbonizing condition; when the temperatures are restored,l the expansion again 'restores the blocksto their 'Working position.' By thus arrangingthe structure into yindividual portionarapable of independent exvpansion7 the expansion action is` substann enabling the supporting` tially., gloQali-Zed, lmass-fitructure to be built on predetermined l lines Without liability of its being displaced lengthwise of the apparatus regardless ot such length, and at the same time, enabling the useof a casing for the refractory mass.

I `prefer to build up closed inmy companion application tiled .V

July V3,A 1913, SerialV Number? 777,216, in which predetermined blocks of a unit are so flanged, as tri-canse the blocks to `form the portions of the retort 'walls exposed to the products of combustion. In assembling',A the free edges of the flanged portions of the unit abut against the `Wall portion 4of the notonly completing at the, same time completing the channels for theproducts of combustion.

The retorts formed by theassembled units,

ter the structure isk raised tothe desired Working temperature. By thus compensat` (lbvionsly,

the individuals of A What may be termed units, these units being Qlgr; to `being heated,` are of slightly less i length than the length they will assume at` ing for theefiectsof expansionV on the re-` fractory mass, L am enabled toemploy a mei talliccasing therefor and introduce `between said casing and the refractory mass compres sible insulating material. of inter-engagement with the refractory mass, thereby 4permittinlgr independent but relative movements due to the eXpansion `of the two structures. ln practice, the mouth The casing is free pieces for the retorts are attached tothe niev tallic casing,.tlie particular construction and the manner of positioning the insulating ma! terial in connection therewith being shown 1in. an application lilcd liv me October 12,

1914; Serial Number 866,185.

Referring particularly.to Figs. 5 4). these figures illustrate tlitigeiiei'al construction ot the refractory massI` 2() indicatesgenerally' the p ortion ot' the structure vt'or supplying the products of combustion vto the retorts`r and their setting. this arrangen'ient b eingbuilt .up of units arrangedsuccessively in the direction, of length oftl'ie rotorts. and'll designate passages leading 'in't'o the. spaces between the walls of the. retort settings pres` ently yrel'erred to. The tops of the combustion cliain-bers are formed of appropriately shaped blocks lia-ving a keyst'ine portion 9:2, said topvportions forming the support for the setting walls for the retorts and being supported in `turn 'by thel divisionl walls ofl As shown morev the combustion chambers.

. particularly in Figs. (i, and 7, in assembling,

expansion spaces 23 are left between adjacent top portions at suitable points in the i length ofthe stack, these spaces being closed by the expansionof the blocks in bringing` than the widthof the Wall portion of thef" "g5 block 25?, a preferred larrangementy being tofu.

the apparatus to working teinpelati'ire's. v`As shown intliese figures, the stack. 'is divided into .sections byiinean's of division wall's24e," these being arranged to include two'verticalf rowsof retorts between' atl-jacent. division walls. V

As shown are forn'ied withl wall portions 25 which,

when arranged in AVertical alinen'ient, complete a cross wall. which extends from one division wall to the adjacent division wall. lredeterinined .blocks 25" are also shown provided;with' laterally extending flanges 25a. The exposed 4fac-e'ot flange 9.5 is'placed in abutting relation' with the ciosswall of.

the succeediaginit, the result being-the lorination of a space 'between adjacent'cross walls equal to the depth ofthe flange25,A these spaces .extend in vertical planes and` form channelsfor the productjsofj combus-`l tion. The inner faces of the blocks 25 and-5'- .of the flanges 2 5 when assen'ibled, form gthcg.,

interior of thefwallsgof the retort, with the exception of? the retort. bottoni, \vlii ch isl preferably separatefinl order to 'permit 're-4,

newal when nec irv.

As shown more `-particularly in Fig. `5, thel widths of the flanges 25 are preferably less walls.

recesses or grom Alength o such 't'ac'esQv provide a wall thickness of approximately four inches and, 'flji;.flange width of approximately two inch'sy' In this construction, the spaces `vwill be narrow as comparedwith the widthot' spaces in prior structuresand inaJor portion ofthe retort walls will tall" within tho planes of the setting walls. leav-f ing a considerably less portion ofthe'lretort i walls exposed to the products of combustion. Obviously,y this particular relation be'- twccn the widthot' walls and'the spaces may be varied, as by causing the width of" the' spaces to more closely approach the. width of 4 the Valls.Y such change sinipl vv affecting the` ainbuntof.'prelwnderaiice in heating by con-v duction over the hcatingby direct contact of.

the products of, combustion .with thev retort sol -.\s showi'i..m ire particularly in.I Figs. 6

and?, tli'e blocks ofa unit are arranged in superposed relation,` an arrangement which fornisa column-like structure at the opposite 'sides of,V the retort openings, the retort being completed by an arch-like arrange' ment 'of blocks which practically bridge predetermined/blocks of the columns, thepar- '.ticular arrangement providing a lstructure such as showriin Fig. 8 when the apparatus is'in operation 4with-.the retorts at carbonizing temperatures.'

when assembled do not forni the .true arch show'n in .1Fi.g. 8,' the llatter being produced',

fis-Shown in Figs. c mi "aaie'bincksby the'xpan'sionaction of the blockslin j l bringingthe 'apparatus to lworking temperavtgures.'v -In the assembled 'arrangementshown i *in Figs'. 6 and "7..thisarch-"has the appearance of .Samfing However. the relative shapes of 'the' blocks which jform the arch are suchasto prevent an actuaflrollapse and `at the saine tiine,perinit of proper expansion of the blocks, the ettfectfof; which is to change vthe position of the `blocks to .properly coniplete they arch.

Asian; aid in preserving' the relative ar- -V-rangeinents. I mayj employ the dowel pin 4a'rran efenicnt shown iiithese views, predetei-mined blocksbeing formed. with opposing facesyof a joint' a- Byr the usefof blocks d .with-in, desired 'arch spaces, ;tlie @products of. combustion throu h tie-, i i trolle l. I preferablyeniploy blocks 29 at the top of the'cross walls,'tliese blocks clos'- ing the Aupper ends of the channels. As ywill lie-,readily understood, this general con- .'struction provides fclnknnels free from inter- 'communioatipnmftlie direction of length of the retortspeacli. channel being independent of another channel. i From the above, itfwill l n'` the directionn of' be seen in4 adapted toi'eceive pins 26, said pins tendingI to p i ,eve'1 it any inateriall mass 'structure lv loan becon-y iso erts,1 eacliwunitg` extending i from i one expansion` `space to `thefnext 'in the` direction of ength' `of the l stack; l f This assemblage kof units Ifterrnan'individual, linviting `to the fact `that its airangeinentgissuclis that the exn l parisien` action only the i assemblage' `is subantiallyyjliinited to the blocks? `contained ng 1 action i limited to` points livhere` such` acon `doesn` `nt alecti the proper operation of or damage thejsasseniblage. V

` thendiilection 'ofl` length of `theretorts will, asoniof the `asseinblage of units in :aburh "unitsl inwzthis` direction,` `thus automati` essarilyi :increases the length Cof the i mass structuiegin `thevdirection; ot length of the retorts:l `(lo equently,theasseinblylength `fwthe 3nuits of "the "mass structurapin "the i direotionfof` length "of ai retortyis made less han; the" actual lWorking length; they` latter nnectio Lilates i `liftiing "their "side y "edges overlapping,

length otthestack. y i y i v In` tlioydii'aivingsg- `the ei ical metallic )lates of the casing are, shown 30,those t theends being securedfvtogetherby rivets,

of `:indivi dnal expansion ffui` tl e` direction of rably secured together fin"` thelinanner shown inFig." 1G, in which theiinner platesjare pro the fouten` platee having openings to receive In practice* hercasingiis` if lsuiicient size rlicatedifat being` boltedto `the `plates 30, the" `latter having` o 'enings 30%?` communicat- "g with the interi roi the Imouthpieces.

As shoivv'n` theizfmouth` `pieces are spaced n fthis assemblage f glnrthis inianneij, the exansion action is` localized 3 and the` `displac- As will;vbeffunderstood., theezipansion in` ing relation,` cause af displacingaction` of cally "positioningjthe ,crosswalls "at :theV ropejr points Thisl displacing action nec cingi obtained byljbrin'finguthe retortsA to The leasingstructureWhiohw employ in,

` Vith" the refractory mass ispre ably" 1 binlt i "up ot vertically extending he platesibeing"secured;together `to permit hile those at the frontftarrd1` rear are `prefdedivith elongatedslo'ts `313 throngl'i which" iss: bolts 32, theflatter'jbeing `secured indiiiduallytognuts233` orv-collectively tobars.y

Hieyboltsig fthe relative` arrangements beingl thatfwlien theboltslaretightened, the j* nt formed` Will substantially leakage o allow for the; expansionlofrthe inclosed i `and firiniwhich the monthjpiecesyare in,-v

, from the retorts and insulating material is uand into coal carbonizing relation with the -carbonizing formation, and then bringing' retorts When the apparatnsis brought up to Working` temporatore.` In practice,v I employ, in `addition to the finely ground insu'latingg` material. 35,'refractory blocks 36,

and temporarysupporting means 37, This 3 particular construction is shonjn in mypending application, Serial Number 866,185, filed i October l2, 191e. i

What I claim'ism v i -l. The herein described method "Which consists in asseinbling a` refractory mass structure to localize expansion and in a, nonthe structure to coal carbonizing formation by the expansion of the mass in bringing'the retorts thereof to `\\\'orking 2 tempel atures 2. The herein described method which consists in' assci'nbliiig a refractory mass structure to localize exl'iansion-and in a noncarbonizing formation, subjecting the mass structure to theaction ofiieat to bring the structure to coal carbonizing formation by `the expansiona'ction of the mass in bringing the retorts thereoi toivorking temperatures, f such structure' in operation providing a 'preponderante of` retort heating by conduction. 3. The herein descrilied method of constructing' gas generating apparatus of the coal carbonizingir retort type which consists in assembling the refractory mass structure `with individilal exijianding and contracting portions, the expansion and contraction of such portions being as units.

4. The herein described method oi' constructingr` and heating' gas generating apparatus of the coal carboni/,ingl retorttype which consists in assembling the refractory i mass as individuals positioned successively lengthwise of the apparatus witlrthe individuals vrelatively -positioned to permit independent unitary expansion ofthe'individuals in bringingithe ai'iparatus to working temperature. s `The herein described method of con'- sti'ucting andV heating gas generating i apparatus oi the coal carbonizing retort type which consists in assembling,lf the refractory `mass as individua-ls positioned successively lengthwise oftlie apparatus, and with the retorts of the individuals in non-carbonizing condition, and placing `the retorts in carbon izingcondition by the expansion action of the individualsin bringing the apparatus to Working temperature. i C

6. The heroin described method of constructing and heating gas generating appa ratns of the coal carbonizing retort type which' consists in assembling substantially similar refractory units in individual massstructure forxnation,'with the length'of each los" lic

. individual on a line in the directionl ofv length of a ret-ort less Athan the working. length. of such retort, and with ytheretcn'ts of the individuals inv carbonizing condition,

and producing the working length of the retorts and placing the retorts of individuals in carbonizing condition by the expansion action of the individuals in' bringing the apparatus to working temperature.

10 7. The herein described method ofconf structing and heating gas generating apparatas of the coal carbonizing retort .type `vwhich consists in assembling the refractory mass structure in a predetermined non-car'- v bonizing formation at variance with the gas generating formation, inclosing thestructure in a casing having a different coelicient ofexpansion from that of the mass structure, and then bringing the mass and the 2S casingyto gas generating formation. by the expansion actionproduced in bringing the retortsto Working temperatures. i L

8.: The herein described method of constructing and heating gas generating appa? 2 'ratus of the coal carbonizing retort type which consists in assembling substantially similar refractory units in the direction of length of the retorts tor produce-independent 4mass formations, inelosing the combined mass in a. casing having adiferent co-eii 0 cient of expansion, the assembly vrelation of mass `and casing being at Variance with the gasgenerating formation, and bringing the mass kand casing into such latter formation by the expansion action. in bringing the retorts tenor-king temperatures.

9. bThe'herein .described method of consti-acting and heating gas generating apparatusi` of the coal .carbonizing retort type which consists in assembling a refractory 40 

